INDA - Final Response De Stijl

Please do some research on De Stijl online, or by looking up books, and discuss the way this movement is relevant to modernism and the idea of 'grid'. Not the GRID the notion of 'grid' in order to do this you should go back and read the Rosalind Krauss essay I e-mailed a download link to for all the grid groups and site her in your reply.

Additionally, you might mention the way this movement bleeds into industrial design and architecture unlike most of our prior movements.

De Stijl was an art movement advocating pure abstraction and simple forms such as rectangle and other geometric shapes, and color to the primary colors, along with black and white. The De Stijl movement is one of many art forms inspired by Cubism. This was founded by a group of Dutch artists in 1917 lead by Piet Mondrian. Mondrian had an interesting way of seeing the world. He believed that the universe was fundamentally made of straight lines, primary colors and rectangles. The group was intended in finding a new aesthetic of art and principles. The artwork created by the De Stijl movement artists gave off a depersonalized, anonymous feel. The publication De Stijl represents the most significant work of graphic design from the movement, but the ideas of form and color are major influences on the development of graphic design. This movement used the artistic talent of the artists by designing homes, buildings, and furniture. Their work and research extended to the fine arts, city and town planning, the applied arts and philosophy.

Rosalind Krauss is an American art critic and theorist. She attempts to understand the phenomenon of modernist art, in its historical, theoretical, and formal dimensions. Rosalind Krauss describes the importance of the grid as a structure within the visual arts of the twentieth century. Krauss argues that the grid has played such an important role in modern art because it can express “not only as emblem but myth”. She argues that using a grid makes it possible for artists to produce very material objects, the grid makes a work “sacred and secular” at the same time.”

I agree with Krauss that grid is a background to every piece of artwork and it is very important in architecture. Grid is something that can be used to create anything because it is very simple and can even make it easier to create any art material. Grid and De Stijl really does change the way art works, it improves everything that involve designing because it is the basic element of art.

De Stijl, meaning "The Style" in Dutch, was an art movement started in 1917 and is founded by Theo van Deosburg. It is also called Neo-plasticism denoting new plastic art. The movement expresses a "new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony" (LaMar). The harmony is achieved through the reduction of elements; reducing to pure geometric forms and lines with the used of primary colors (red, yellow, blue) with black and white.

As Krauss said, the grid plays an important role in modern art. The grid is directly used in this art since it aims to be geometrical. It serves a standard and simple format for the art. I agree with Thavisa that the grid can be used to create anything. For me, the grid is a guide to creating art. There is a golden ratio that can be formed with the grid and become aesthetically pleasing. It is evident in each artwork if you take the time to find the grid within the art.

As relating to modernism, it fits the time period; rejecting the values of realism by reducing objects to geometrical forms. De Stijl artwork are simplest in the appearance, fitting the motto of "Less is More" that was later used in the minimalist movement which is a part of modernism.
Also De Stijl fits with the technological advances in that age; it has a clear methodical logic with the grid serving as a standard format.

Unlike most movements, De Stijl braches off and bleeds into architectural and industrial design. Most evident in the Red and Blue Chair and the Rietveld Schröder House, both designed by Gerrit Rietveld. Both clearly kept to the De Stijl principle, being simple, geometrical in shape, the usage of lines, and using only primary colors and non-colors.

Works Cited
Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. The MIT Press October, Vol.9 (Summer, 1979):
Watkins, Thayer. "Piet Mondrian, Neoplasticism and De Stijl" Accessed December 9, 2011<http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/mondrian.htm>

LaMar, Connelly. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.

De Stijl, also known as “The Style”, was an art movement in relation to the reduction of forms and simplified abstraction which consists mainly of straight lines and a limited use of primary colors, with an additional usage of black and white.

This movement was said to be involved in influencing some modernist movements such as International Modern Style and Cubism. It is also claimed that De Stijl has “pushed cubism to a pure geometric art” [1]. This implies that modernism is affected by the presence of De Stijl which leads to parts of its movements being altered and created into the style of which it is being seen now — in the present world. The idea that “form follows function” which has been applied to the Bauhaus group and the International Modern Style has also lead to the usage of materials in the industrial design and architecture as in structural components such as steel, glass, and concrete chosen for their rectilinear and simplified form [2].

Grid aids in the development of De Stijl. It helps De Stjl to break free from cycles of the past by implying the modernity of modernism both in spatial sense and in temporal sense. In spatial sense, it applies to what is in opposition to nature: flat, ordered, organized geometrical forms which could be described as unnatural. Grid acted as a platform which makes the painting exists in one plane. It provides a space of freedom for art. (Rosalind E. Krauss, 1979, p.50). In temporal sense, grid is modern just for what it is; it is everywhere in this century, but could not be found elsewhere in the previous ones. It is what had been discovered by getting out of the cycle, breaking free into a new era, pushing new movements like De Stijl further into the present world, as stated by Rosalind Krauss: "By discovering the grid, Cubism, de Stijl, Mondrian, Malevich ... landed in a place that was out of reach of everything that went before. Which is to say, they landed in the present and everything else was declared to be the past." (Rosalind E. Krauss, 1979, p.52).

I agree with Alliya that “De Stijl fits with the technological advances in that age; it has a clear methodical logic with the grid serving as a standard format.”

De Stijl, as in simplified forms, is often portrayed through various new creations of the modern world with grids as their basis. Grid appears to be used widely in the 20th and 21st Century — several streets and cities are now based on the basis of grids, including other elements such as merchandises which began to take its format into usage as well.


Reference

1.) "Modernist - Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, German Expressionism, Constructivism, De Stijl, Dadaism and Surrealism." AskART. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://www.askart.com/AskART/interest/Modernism_2.aspx?id=75>.
2.) "De Stijl." Art, Design, and Visual Thinking. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm>.
3.) Rosalind Krauss. "Grids." October, (Summer 1979), pp: 50-64. Reprinted in The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1993.

De Stijl, or "The Style" was an art movement founded by Dutch artist during 19th Century. The aesthetic of art and principles of this art piece is on the geometric forms with the primary colours and black strip lines. I like the composition of this art work which is very simple and focusing principally on simplified visual composition where these horizontal and vertical lines separated the space of the blocks. This new-plasticism art form was non-objective, therefore, it gives an anonymous feeling to the audience which is different from other art techniques that want to make the picture looks stand out from the frame.

"The grid is an emblem of modernity by being just that: the form that is ubiquitous in the art of our century, while appearing nowhere, nowhere at all, in that art of the last one. In that great chain of reactions by which modernism was born out of the efforts …." (Krauss 52)I agree with this sentence where Rosalind mentioned that the form of the grid leads to the modernism style because of it style itself. The geometric forms and a straight line strips across each others are a fundamental style for everything, everywhere and every period of time. Also, the style influenced on architecture path, where designer think De Stijl was one of the important major techniques to interior design.

For example, the space is essential for all architectural and designer fields, landscape, interior design. In the book of De Stijl and Dutch modernism said "In Semper's eyes, architecture was the clothing of space and the means by which it was given social meaning. The modernist predilection for the plain white wall ignored this aspect of architecture. (White 124)" Here it was supported the relationship of principle colours and the modernism architecture.

Reference
Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Print
White, Michael. De Stijl and Dutch modernism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. 118-128. Print

De Stijl, also known as Neoplasticism, is the new style of art which founded by Theo van Doesburg in 1917.

The color that used in De Stijl is primaly colors like red, blue, yellow and non colors such as black,grey and white.It was mainly based on the relationship between positive and negative elements. The destijl is reducing form of art by using only straight line such as horizontal lines and vertical lines ,which represent in geometric shapes.

With the use of lines, De Stijl becomes extreamly simple look. I think this is the beginning point of the minimalism and some other movements in modernism with the concept “less is more”.

I also agree with Alliya about the grid that playing significant role in modern art. Grid help De Stijl to form the simplest appearance by using lines.

But not only in Modern art ,Grid is like the basic format ,which can also be use to create anything; for example, people also use it for architectural purpose too. Because it is so easy to do and also gives the standard to any creation of works. This is why nowadays Grid is being considerably use in any art works and architectural designs.

LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.

De Stijl, also known as Neo-Plasticism or ‘The Style’ [1], movement is one of many art forms being inspired or influenced by Cubism. It began in 1917 having Piet Mondrian, Theovan Doesburg, and other Dutch artists got together and started the De Stijl movement. The goal of these artists was to reduce painting to line, shape, color, and space; by doing so they free up painting from recognizable forms to create a world of harmony on the canvas.

Similarly to grid, the De Stijl essentials are on form and colors are the key concerns along with recti linearity of planes [1]. Mondrian believes universe was fundamentally made of straight lines, primary colors and rectangles [2].

It’s true that De Stijl form seems to be simplistic, but fundamentally it had a lot impact on the future design of furnishing, architecture, and design; this made it relevant to modernism. In addition, according to Rosalind Krauss, “by discovering the Grid, Cubism, De Stijl, Mondrian, and Malevich landed in a place that was out of reach of everything that went before. Which is to say, they landed in the present, and everything else was declared to be the past [3].”

Focusing on De Stijl essential, Mondrian ended up creating a series of paintings that looked like a cityscapes from a bird’s eye view.

1.) LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
2.) “De Stijl Movement.” abstract-art-explained. Web. 10 Dec 2011.
< http://www.abstract-art-explained.com/DeStijlMovement.html>.
3.) Rosalind Krauss. "Grids." October, (Summer 1979), pp: 50-64. Reprinted in The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1993.

De Stijl, which means “the style” in Dutch, was an artistic movement that started in 1917 (LaMar). Theo van Doeosburg is likely to be the most recognized artist in this movement. The De Stijl tried to express harmony through abstraction. It used simple or primary stuff to make simple compositions in both vertical and horizontal ways. Primary colors, red, blue, and yellow, are used in this style or art work along with black and white color, geometry, and line (De Stijl).

In this type of art, almost every line is straight and mostly is in horizontal and vertical way, there’re some that are tilted, but still in the right angle, such as the “Contra-Composition with Dissonances XVI” by Theo van Doesburg. Despite the different between the tilted lines, every artwork is mainly consist of those three primary color and black and white (De Stijl).

Grid and De Stijl helped out forming and making the plan for many big cities. It makes the road run in a straight line and each turn is in a right angle. The grid “maps the surface of the painting itself” and it creates a clear logic of understanding (Krauss). Both grid and De Stijl have a big connection that somehow makes it looks alike to each other. Both of them use straight line in order to create their work and still make it look simple. They are like the basic and contain the logical idea of making up art and architecture design.


LaMar, Connelly. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
Krauss, Rosalind. "Grids." The MIT Press 9 (1979): 50-64. Print.
"De Stijl : Design Is History." Home : Design Is History. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://www.designishistory.com/1920/de-stijl/>.

De Stijl translated to “The Style” in English was an art movement developed by a Dutch painter, designer and writer, Theo van Doesburg in 1917. Also known as “Neo-plasticism”(new plastic art), “De Stijl was also influenced by some ideas of the DaDa.”[1] and other movements such as Cubism. It “tried to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order via pure abstraction”[LaMar]. De Stijl emphasizes the use of straight black vertical/horizontal lines and rectangular shapes. For simplicity, the colors used are also limited to the three primary colors (red, blue and yellow) and the primary values of white grey and black. As a result, De Stijl arts are depersonalized and anonymous in nature. Hence, the result can be described as “Flattened, geometricized, ordered, it is antinatural, antimimetic, antireal.”[2]

Through the extensive use of lines compositions and the arrangement of primary colored rectangular shapes, a grid pattern was formed automatically. “One has to travel a long way back into history of art to find previous examples of grids. One has to go to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, to treatises on perspective and to those exquisite studies by Uccello or Leonardo.”[3]. Hence, human has long been fond of grids without realizing it before the birth of De Stijl.

This grid pattern is still relevant to us today as it’s now being used as the main principle of design in modern art and architecture. With the symmetrical and balance aesthetic, us human, find the result of these combinations naturally attractive. Hence, the continuous use of the grid in modern art, industrial design and architecture. A clear example of how grid has influenced architecture can be seen in “Rietveld Schroder House”, Gerrit Rietveld, where the building was constructed with rectangular forms that made up the balconies and the roof. Another example of how De Stijl has inspired industrial design is through the creation of “The Red and Blue Chair” also by Rietveld, where he believed that “there was a greater goal for the furniture designer than just physical comfort: the well-being and comfort of the spirit.”[4] Thus, this clearly reflects back to the goal of the De Stijl movement; “to create a utopia based on a harmonic human-made order.”[5]. Grid can now be seen almost in every man made structures, buildings to bridges. It is fair to say that, with the existence of the grid, it changes the way we view the world, and overtime, we’ve become equipped with this new system, the way we organized things nowadays are in grid, for instance, the way we arrange windows on buildings.

To put it simply, I believed that our modern design heritage could be traced back to De Stijl, as it was arguably one of the first art movement that explored the idea of grid, which later on has inspired other movements such as the Bauhaus and modernism. Grid will always play a fundamental role in the principle of design due to its simplicity and its appeal to human’s psychology (the rule of thirds). I especially agree with the earlier post by Alliya, “Grid is a guide to create art”.

- LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.2.)
[1] "De Stijl." Art, Design, and Visual Thinking. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm>.
[2],[3] Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50,52. Print
[4],[5] "Red and Blue Chair". The Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011.
<http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=4044>.

"The Style" translated from the Dutch artistic movement "De Stijl" started in 1917 up until 1931 which was founded by Theo Van Deosburg. The movement had aims to express spiritual harmony with order. The use of primary colours in the lines and forms and the reducing of elements to basic geometric forms resulting in easily recognizable forms was an attempt to further spiritual harmony.

De Stijl focuses mainly upon form and colours, these essential aspects shares similarities to a grid. The art movement had focused on being geometrical in nature which had become a basis for this art and because of this, I'd like to respond to what Aliya had referenced about what Krauss had said about the grid playing an important role in modern art. The grid is an important tool in promoting simplicity and becoming an easily understandable work of the combination of art and logic.

De Stijl was simplistic, but it had become a new idea that was later to become a fundamental part of art by scrapping what was previously used. An idea that was to become a part of what we see today in design and architecture in relevance to modernism. And concerning the spiritual harmony ideals of the art movement, the artificial things that we create today do not focus on merely just on ergonomics and aesthetic appeal, but rather they also follow the ideal that De Stijl was attempting. Spiritual Harmony can be achieved through the things we create which ranges from chairs, doors, roads, rooms, buildings, windows etc;

This new system had become implemented into our everyday lives.

In this respect, the art movement was an essential key player along with the grid into setting a new standard. This is easily proven by the things that we see and dominate our lives and surroundings today.

In nineteen century, when modernism era stated by breaking old style which obsessed with ornaments. The discovering of the grid, cubism, De stijl, Mondrian, Malevich… landed in a place that was out of reach of everything that went before (p.53,Krauss). De stijl or The Style is one of the born out modernism founded by a group of Dutch artist in 1917. It had an influenced from cubism. The distinct design that use only thin black lines forming in the shape of grid with primary colors, black and white. Pure geometric shape, which was a hidden structure of art in the past, is now pushing into an architecture and design industrial. According to Krauss it is such a simple style of almost everything basically include the idea of space in positive and negative way.

The idea of using grid also had an influence on the urban planning in 20th century. It gave harmony of balance and composition. For example, urban planning of Manhattan in New York City is in the grid form. As time passed and urbanism grew, the grid was seen as a source of urban misery. The modernist society condemned high density block development on the grounds, as they believed it denied the tenants light, air and sunshine.(p.13,Smith)

I agree with Khim in this statement “In temporal sense, grid is modern just for what it is; it is everywhere in this century, but could not be found elsewhere in the previous ones.” Because it is represent modernism clearly by simple style without ornaments. It is also using basic element of art, which are horizontal line, vertical lines and few colors. Therefore the idea of De stijl made everything never become out of date.

Reference

-Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Print
-Smith, W. Stevenson. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. 1958. Print.
-LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.

De Stijl, or “The Style” in English, was a Dutch artistic movement found in 1917, and was introduced by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critics named Theo van Doesburg. According to the presentation, the proponents of this movement was sought to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order by the used of pure abstraction; in other word, by the reduction of essential forms and colors. Therefore, De Stijl, will express their art work by simplified its visual composition and composed their work through the use of only vertical and horizontal directions; the primary color (red, blue, and yellow), along with black and white; the principle of geometry and line; and the relationship between negative and positive space. This movement was also known as Neo-plasticism, or the new plastic art (La Mar).

The example of the Neo-plasticism art work would be that of Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue. As we can see that in this piece of art work, Mondrian used only black vertical and horizontal lines, which form into a ‘gird pattern’, and the primary color, which was the main principle of the movement itself. It was also said that Mondrian’s work was inspired by Picasso and Braque’s cubism, which implied that the Neo-plasticism was also influenced by the works of these great artists.

According to Krauss, the ‘grid’ has been in associated with art for along time. The grid also plays a very important role in modern world, such as in city planning. However, the grid also serves as the most basic and simplest form of art and materialize object. According to Krauss, the grid is “Flattened, geometriczed, ordered, it is antinatural, antimimetic, antireal.”, which is the main aim and philosophy of De Stijl (Krauss, p. 50). It, in a way, has a similar concept with the modern art, which reject the realism of the world and try to simplify it into its simplest form. I agree with Alliya that, De Stijl artworks are in it simplest form and appearance.

It relation to modernism, the similarity between De Stijl and modernism lied in their concept and philosophy. Modernism rejected all of the decoration on the surface of the object of the ancient time and seeks to focus more on the function and simplicity of an object, which is similar to that of De Stijl. These example can be seen in the modern architecture and industrial designs, such as the red and blue chair and rietveld Schroder house, by Gerrit Rieteveld.

Reference:
1. LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
2. Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Print
3. "The De Stijl Movement" De Stiljil architecture, De Stijl pictures, De Stijl paintings, & De Stijl artists. Retrieved on Sunday 11 Dec. 2011 from <http://www.arthistoryguide.com/De_Stijl.aspx>

De Stijl was the art movement started in 1917 which the movement contain the “idea of spiritual harmony” (LaMar) such as rectangle and other geometric shapes, and primary colors with black and white. Moreover, His work of art shows the significant work of graphic design forms.

According from what Krauss said, “The grid plays an important role in modern art”. The grid is a standard and simple format for art as we can see that the grid would be a background to every piece of artwork and architecture. Using grid is very important for me to created art or planning or sketching something that I would like to draw because it will help me find the easier way to work.

Relating to modernism that the artist in that period would reject the values of realism by make it more geometric forms. De Stijl artworks also contain the minimalist movement but he still can fit the technology advances that have clear format of grid and serving as a standard forms.

Works Cited
Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. The MIT Press October, Vol.9 (Summer, 1979):
Watkins, Thayer. "Piet Mondrian, Neoplasticism and De Stijl" Accessed December 9, 2011http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/mondrian.htm
"De Stijl." Art, Design, and Visual Thinking. Web. 09 Dec. 2011. <http://char.txa.cornell.edu/art/decart/destijl/decstijl.htm>.

De Stijl, a Dutch word, also known, as “The Style” is a movement founded in 1917 after the WWI. This movement tries to express pure abstractionism focusing on the reduction of shapes, fundamental primary of geometry and straight lines. Also, this movement concentrates on using only primary colors. De stijl have many relations to modernism and grids in terms of their concepts and styles.
As what Nitiwath state that, “Similarly to grid, the De Stijl essentials are on form and colors are the key concerns along with recti linearity of planes [1]. Mondrian believes universe was fundamentally made of straight lines, primary colors and rectangles [2].”
The ideal of modernism is simple and concentrates on the geometric shapes using basic colors, such as black and white. It contains the idea of simplicity in which is very similar to De Stijl’s concepts.
I believe that many architectural styles are developed from their movements and that these movements are unique and can only be found in this century. And I also agree with Khim, “… it is everywhere in this century, but could not be found elsewhere in the previous ones. It is what had been discovered by getting out of the cycle, breaking free into a new era, pushing new movements like De Stijl further into the present world…”




Reference:
1.) LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
2.) “De Stijl Movement.” abstract-art-explained. Web. 10 Dec 2011.

De Stijl or The Style was Dutch artist movement founded by Theo van Doesburg. De stijl was formed with the publication of De Stijl journal in the Netherlands in 1971. “ The journal expressed the theories of multi-faceted artist and poet Theo van Doesburg and painter Piet Mondrian who were seeking to create af orum for architects, designers and painters sharing an abstract aesthetic (Farthing, 2010)”. The Stijl was also known as Neo-Plasticism. Outstanding art pieces of De Stijl such as Tableu 1, with Red, Black, Blue and Yellow, (Piet Mondrian, 1921) was confined only with three primary colors and black, white and gray, and compositional elements were restricted to horizontal and vertical lines and rectangular planes. De Stijl has their distinct style of using grid as a part of their art pieces. Grid is formed with horizontal and vertical lines. It is “a structure that has remained emblematic of the modernist ambition within the visual arts (Krauss, 1979)”. The grid was used as a tool before modernism artists has changed it into artworks. “It was not until the twentieth century that a total lack of decoration came to be seen as virtue in design (Roberts & Thrift, 2002)”. The idea of using basic element of art became more acceptable in the twentieth century.

De Stijl’s artworks are well known and easily noticed by most of people. It has inspired many designers around the world. It is one of the most distinct movements of Modernism world. Using simple elements, like grid, and expressed them in their work.

References:

- Roberts, L., Thrift, J. (2002). The Designer and The Grid. Rotovision: Hove.
- Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Print.
- Farthing, S. (2010). Art: The Whole Story. Thames & Hudson: London.

De Stijl is an art movement highly relevant to modernism. Founded by Theo van Deosburg, De Stijl became the ideal icon of the reduction of forms and elements. The use of its primarary color with the non-color of black and white, geometric forms and lines creates the simple beauty. The harmony of color and form creates construction of spiritual harmony.

The reduced art of De Stijl rejected the values of realsim and aiming toward the idea of plasticism and neo-plasticism.According to Aj Connelly's lecture the color does not related and reference to the world, natural color and form are not expected in the De Stijl.

The black horiconal and straight line relates to the grids which plays an important role in modern art. The perpendicular line of De Stijl have a relationship to the classic map making a margin locating an particular area. The grid step in and brought the line into a standard form and into the modern world.

Krauss mention that the grid is a background to every piece of artwork and had an important role in architecture. In relation to architecture and industrial design, the Red and Blue Chair designed by Gerrit Rietveld and mention before by Alliya, have maintain the idea and concept of De Stijl. The use of primary colors and non-colors, the lines, and its simpleness was preserved. Its impact to the modern world are recognizable and will continue to impact the art.

Work Cited
1. Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. The MIT Press October, Vol.9 (Summer, 1979):
Watkins, Thayer. "Piet Mondrian, Neoplasticism and De Stijl" Accessed December 12, 2011<http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/mondrian.htm>

2. LaMar, Connelly. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Lecture.

De Stijl, meaning “The Style” in Dutch, was otherwise known as Neo-Plasticism, or the new plastic art. De Stijl was an artistic movement that was found in 1917 during the First World War, which concentrated on expressing a “new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order via pure abstraction” (LaMar). Arts from this period of time were limited to the elements of using primary colors, also black and white. Principles of geometry and straight lines also give out the vertical and horizontal composition of each painting, which is an important trace of painting from De Stijl.

Famous artists such as Picasso and Braque inspired Pieter Cornelis Mondrian, a key figure of this artistic movement (LaMars). He believe that the “universe was fundamentally made of straight lines, primary colors and rectangles,” and was associated by several artists such as Theo van Doesburgh, Bart van der Leck, Georges Vantongerloo and Gerrit Rietveld (De Stijl Movement). Theo van Doesburgh, however, “sought to broaden the movement’s research projects into architecture, reconceiving the entire living environment,” which implies his vision of a world similar to the modern one (De Stijl – De Stijl Art).

Therefore, the relation between De Stijl and modernism is quite clear.

The first similarity I find in both the movement and modernism is the simplicity. Forget about all the curves or uncertain shapes, every object in the movement were portrayed in the most précised way. And by précised, I mean aligned and uniformly positioned. Perhaps, the grid was a tool used to guide the artist into making geometric platforms that are more appealing and aesthetic. Since grids are commonly used and seen in our modern world, whether it is the infrastructure, architecture, or even furniture, it is the grid that relates De Stijl back to modernism (Krauss).

I have to agree with Alliya and also many modernist and minimalists, that in certain cases “less is more”. Paintings from De Stijl, indeed, depict the basis of what we perceive as necessary, and removes the unnecessary. Although De Stijl can be quite an abstract from the ‘Composition’ paintings, but it does draw a connection to how modernist value simplicity and necessity.

Work Cited

1. LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.

2. Krauss, Rosalind. "Grids." The MIT Press 9 (1979): 50-64. Print.

3. "De Stijl - De Stijl Art." Oil Paintings Reproduction-Canvas Oil Painting Reproductions For Sale. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/C20th/destijl.htm>.

4. "De Stijl Movement." Abstract Art Explained. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. <http://www.abstract-art- explained.com/DeStijlMovement.html>.

The De Stijil or translated as ‘the style’, was an art movement founded by the artists that most recognized with movement, Theo van Deosburg. The movement suggested abstraction through which they could express a Utopian idea of harmony and order that was established through a decreasing of elements to form geometric forms and primary colors (red, yellow, blue) with black and white lines (1937-42). The key to creating art within the movement’s view was to follow the theory of scaling down formal components of art using only primary colors and straight lines.

The De Stijil art movement had just one goal that is to make art that was as simple and as basic as possible “to understand the function of myths” and “to attempt to deal with contradiction” (krauss, pg. 55). They wanted to distill art to a level of almost scientific precision and perfection. Moreover, composition and balance played a great part in the work making the movement decades of modern design and modern architecture.

The grid and the art movement are often revealed various new creations of the modern world with grids. It appeared to be used widely such as in an architecture designs such as cities, or the product designs. Unlike the other art works, the De Stijil are really changed the way the art works by using only the primary colors with straight lines.

References:
1. "The De Stijl Movement" De Stiljil architecture, De Stijl pictures, De Stijl paintings, & De Stijl artists. Retrieved on Sunday 11 Dec. 2011 from http://www.arthistoryguide.com/De_Stijl.aspx>
2. Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Print

An art movement that founded in 1917 by a group of Dutch artists, De Stijl , which also known as Neo-Plasticism or translated to the style; is a form of art that confined the uses of color, lines and other excessive components.

In Neo-Plasticism the color can’t be described or make a reference to things no matter in factual or abstraction. “…the truth of colour is merely cosmetic; it contains ‘subtle deceits’; it is ‘not actually inherent in substances’.[1] So there’re only primary color and non-color were use in this form of art. And by using only straight lines (vertical and horizontal) and rectangular shape not only to limit basic elements but also shows the power of the art that “can make a powerful impact because of the ability to make a symmetrical relationships.”[2] Grid is also a consequence of this ability. Like in a map. Grid helps people to understand the map easier.

“By discovering the grid, Cubism, de Stijl, Mondrian, Malevich ... landed in a place that was out of reach of everything that went before. Which is to say, they landed in the present and everything else was declared to be the past."[3] De stijl influenced many form of art including modernism. One of the idea of modernism is to use only simple forms and simple components to crate a work of art that simple but functional, which is almost similar to the principle of De Stijl.

De stijl leads and impacts this world into superior society. It’s turned to be a basic form of objects that can be seen in our surrounding for instance houses, buildings and many other things, which are a part of our life and a result of De Stijl.

Reference:
[1] Batchelor, David. "Whitescapes." Chromophobia. London: Reaktion, 2000. 17. Print.
[2] LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
[3] Krauss, Rosalind. "Grids." The MIT Press 9 (1979): 50-64. Print.

De Stijl, known as Neo-Plasticism or ‘The Style’ is one kind of art which influenced by Cubism. It is a Dutch artistic which is found in 1917 lead by Piet Mondrian.

De Stijl is an art that concerns about the essential of form and color. It uses a simple line in the vertical and horizontal directions and compose with the color. These color is primary color which is red, blue, and yellow along with non-colors which is black and white.

I think that De Stijl is a kind of art that have the concept correspond to minimalism which is in the modernism. They concern about the essential of the form and color that are used in the art. It might be somehow that De Stijl pushed minimalism.

Due to the De Stijl, it is similar to the grid. The grid is a simple structure that is wanted to be a geometric form. From this, it might know that the grid is a simple structure that are made by a simple line so that it is same as De Stijl.

Since it is a simple form and structure, the concept and style can be adapted into architecture and industrial design efficiently.

Reference:
1. LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
2. Krauss, Rosalind. "Grids." The MIT Press 9 (1979): 50-64. Print.
3. “De Stijl Movement.” abstract-art-explained. Web. 11 Dec 2011.
< http://www.abstract-art-explained.com/DeStijlMovement.html>.

De stijil, which translates simply to “The Style” was founded by a Dutch artist movement in 1917 and it’s continued to 1931. This movement was also known as Neo-Plasticism which means new plastic art and also influenced by some ideas of the DaDa.”[1] It’s tried to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order via pure abstraction. (LaMar) The purpose was to introduce a new idea of harmony and order through abstract theology, which mean the key aspect of this movement was focused through the use of primary colors, along with black and white and straight lines which heavy use of vertical and horizontal lines. The movement also explores the fundamental theme of geometrics and the use of straight lines in their work and the idea of a negative and positive space, the real and unreal space on the canvas for example, “Composition II in Red, Blue and Yellow” by Peit Mondrian.[2]

According to Krauss, the grid pattern plays an important role in modern world whether it is building design or industrial design for example “The Red and Blue Chair” by Rietveld, it is well being and comfort of spirit.[4] The grid is “Flattened, geometriczed, ordered, it is antinatural, antimimetic, antireal” which is the main aim of De stijil(Krauss,p.50). As the grid is the most simplest form of art so it appear everywhere.

The concept of De Stijil is corresponding to minimalism, as the color, geometric and the basic shape are use similarly. The simple form and structure can be use widely in building and many other things that we use in our life.


Reference:

[1] LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
[2] "The De Stijl Movement" De Stiljil architecture, De Stijl pictures, De Stijl paintings, & De Stijl artists. Retrieved on Sunday 11 Dec. 2011 from <http://www.arthistoryguide.com/De_Stijl.aspx>
[3]. Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Prin
[4] "Red and Blue Chair". The Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011.
<http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=4044>.

De stijl or The style is formed by a group of Dutch architects and artists. Dutch creative Theo van Doesburg founded the group in 1971. The group shared the same name as their publication called 'De Stijl'. The goal of the journal is to create a space for designers to share an abstract aesthetic and ideas. It was also known as Neo-plasticism. Grid is formed with straight horizontal and vertical lines. It is a basic element in arts and commonly seen everywhere. Before the twentieth century, ornaments and decorative items are favored and grid was still a hidden structure. Grid was not appeared in form of part of an artwork until Modernism. De Stijl used grid in their art pieces. They used thin black lines, rectangular planes, three primary color; red, yellow and blue, and black, grey and white. It is very uncomplicated, but very unique and distinct from other style.

Basically, the grid is modern as itself. The geometric shape gives the sense of Modernism, which means De Stijl’s artworks, consist of grid, is clearly relevant to Modernism. The movement is distinctly part of Modernism.

References:
- LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.
- Roberts, L., Thrift, J. (2002). The Designer and The Grid. Rotovision: Hove.

De Stijl means "The Style", also known as Neo-Plasticism. De Stijl is a Dutch artistic movement founded in 1917 and continued till 1931, "and shared the name of the journal published by Dutch creative Theo van Doesburg". "The proponents of this movement tried to express a new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order via pure abstraction. Essentials of form and colour are the key concerns, along with rectilinearity of planes".
De stijl consists of very simple components with abstraction by focusing mainly on vertical and horizontal lines and primary colours (blue, red, yellow) with non-colour (black, grey, white).

Piet Mondrain painted an oil painting "Composition with Red, Yellow and Blue," in 1921. He is a very artistic and stylistic artist of Neo-Plasticism who used grids which he was influenced by Picasso and Braque.
Grid is involved in every architecture and object in our life. For instance, "Red and Blue chair," the most renowned furniture by Gerritt Rieveld, 1971. The chair was designed with using only geometrical rectangular cube and prism by using red, blue, yellow and black colour. That was one of the begining of merging De Stijl into industrial design. " Rietveld schroder House" also another work from Gerritt Rietveld which that was what he had spread that new-plastic art into architecture by creating a house which all its sections are in rectangular shapes, primary colours and non-colours just like the "Red and Blue Chair,"

I agree with Titirat that "Neoplasticism with it’s used of rectangular shapes and straight lines have created the idea of “grid” which is very relevant to us now. Pixels on TV or computer screens are made out of millions of “grid”. The platform of a city is based on the idea of “grid”, but that is not the main objective of De Stijl, ". . . the bottom line of the grid is a naked and determined materialism. But that is not the way that artists have ever discussed it. Mondrian and Malevich are not discussing canvas or pigment or graphite or any other form of matter. They are talking about Being or Mind or Spirit." (Rosalind Krauss, 1979)
Since everything is grid, Neo-Plasticsm is very important as a fundamental structure of every object in our life, it's involved everywhere and related to us now, especially for televisions and computers. However, most importantly, it's "about Being or Mind or Spirit."(Rosalind Krauss, 1979)

Rosalind Krauss: "Grids" 1979. [Reprinted in: The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1985, pp. 9-22]
C. Lamar. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Pdf file.

De stijl or “ the style “ in English is also known as Neo-plasticism founded by Theo van Doesburg (Dutch painter, designer and writer) in 1917. The movement brought simplicity and abstraction of movement by using straight horizontal, vertical lines, rectangular shapes and primary colors including black and white.

According to Krauss said, “The grid plays an important role in modern art”. Grids have become important ways of organization in de stijil movement as well as primary colors. Most of the forms in De Stijil movement always consist of grid, which is obviously related to modernism by using similarly color, geometric and the basic shape.

Because of this influence of grids in De Stijil, this movement also influenced in design of architecture, and furniture for instance, “The Red and Blue Chair” by Gerrit Rietveld that represents one of the first explorations by the De stijl art movement in three dimensions. Moreover, the concept of grid is involved with us now such as Pixels on TV ,the platform of a city and many other things that we use in our everyday lives which based on grid.

Reference:

[1] "The De Stijl Movement" De Stiljil architecture, De Stijl pictures, De Stijl paintings, & De Stijl artists. Retrieved on Sunday 11 Dec. 2011 from <http://www.arthistoryguide.com/De_Stijl.aspx>
[2]. Krauss, Rosalind. Grids. 9. MIT: The MIT Press, 1979. 50-64. Prin
[3] "Red and Blue Chair". The Collection. Web. 11 Dec. 2011.
<http://www.moma.org/collection/object.php?object_id=4044>.

De Stijl or neoplasticism, it was an art movement founded in 1917 by Theo van Deosburg. This kind of art is to express a“new utopian ideal of spiritual harmony and order. It use primary colors (red, yellow, blue) also black and white with the geometric shape (such as straight line, square, triangle) to create an easy and simple forms.

As what Thavisa say, Grid plays a very important role in modern world, such as city arrangement or what we called urban design. As you can see there are similarities between De Stijl and grid. Both of them have the idea of simplicity art concept.

I remember reading the book of Donald Judd, one of the most famous minimalism designer, he said “LESS IS MORE”, this words can fit the concept of De Stijl and grids. They are more than what you see in art. From what Alliya mention about “ Red and Blue Chair”, this is a good example to how people explore with De Stijl art movement and how important it is in the modernism. It use the primary color and geometric shape, such as straight line to form the chair, so i think this kind of art can developed more in architecture and industrial design.

Work cited

LaMar, C. Global Art History. Fall 2011. De Stijl. Slideshow.

Lucienne, R. A Brief History of Grids http://www.graphics.com/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=620#thumb

De Stijl Movement: Theo van Doesburg & Gerrit Rietveld
http://designhistorymashup.blogspot.com/2008/04/de-stijl-movement-theo-van-doesburg.html