INDA Art History Response #3

This should focus on the reading given on the medium of photography before from H.H. Arnason, along with the BBC Documentary covering early permutations of the medium. It should also consider the Roberta Smith New York Times article in beginning to have a discussion about photography's origins, and how they relate to its present usage.

Please try not to think of photography as what you see everyday, and what you do with a camera. Think of it in terms of a way of seeing, and a rigorous process of creating a world with a lens. Alot of what you might consider "good" photographs have nothing to do with why photography is an art forum or what artists who make images are engaged with... so, be humble is what I'm saying in not so many words.

It is not surprise that arts and aesthetic consuming become one of the great forces driven the world nowadays. The fast-running technology is undoubtedly the prominence that turns the face of photography, and so influence the response to arts and aesthetic perspective of the people as said in the article. From "The Genius of Photography", photography seems initially invented and developed for the purpose of studying because everything will be easy when people learn through the picture, you sure to know of it. Two subjects running the world, science and engineering, needs a lot helps from picture; chemist could state or prove the exact theory of how two compounds react each other when he sees the exact pictures taken of the two reacting samples rather than imagining, or the construction engineer would definitely take less time constructing the road or the building where he can take the sharp picture of the landscape rather than sketching which is unclear and consumes fairly amount of time. Indeed, the sharper the picture, the more advance would go for us and the world. Later, as the photographing becomes more popular, some artists have a notion making use of it, seeing that, like painting, photo can also express how people think, how people feel, and sharing the beautiful view and many more things people see artistic.

In my point of view, the term ‘fixing the shadow’ has two meanings itself. One and the major is to fix, abstractly I meant to cut the view or the thing you see; the light, the shadow and any object right in front of your eyes, collecting and placing them on something that you could keep with yourself for all the time. Another is as mentioned previously, for either studying or arts, the light and the shadow were fixed, I meant develop, for better resolution to have; better and clearer understanding for science and better mood expression or better visual for the arts. In this case, the materials for making the camera and the placer for the photo were innovated.

Talking of what the article wrote about, I have no idea if the writer was seriously worrying the photography change or what else. At any rate, it does not matter which direction the photography would change to. I think any way is still profitable because people shall continue learning or getting things through the picture, the photo. Whether photographer would act like the kilroy passed by or not, the picture of the photo will always pass the view, the expression and the story, from generation to generation, from the photographer to the viewer.

In the past, many artists used camera obscura to help them paint pictures in perspective, but both Louis Daguerre and Henry Fox Talbot took it one step further. Separately,they worked on a way to capture an image on a flat surface by the use of camera obscura and some chemical substances. Daguerre created a positive image on a metal plate, and called it daguerreotype while Talbot and his calotype produced a negative image on a piece of paper coated with silver salt. However, the calotype is more preferred than the daguerreotype, as Chuck Close suggests that the daguerreotype is "a dead end", because the daguerreotype image can't be duplicated. As the result of the development of the two processes, people questioned if photography was art. According to the documentary photography creates the ability to freeze the time as the photographer chooses the subject and simply presses the button. Therefore it is considered art because the photographer has to choose subject matter, settings, and time of shooting while the camera will only capture things within its lens reach distance.

Close says that "[Phothography] is the easiest medium in which to be competent, but it is the hardest medium in which to have personal vision". Today the photographer faces a challenge to find a snapshot in a particular moment, a "personal vision" which he is the only eye witness there. It seems like photography accurately tells us what the world is like, but really the photographer is able to manipulate what he wants the audience to see by make up his own settings with props, such as a mock up war photograph that dead bodies are lined up properly.

According to the documentary, there are accidental master pieces in photography as camera becomes more affordable. Any amateur can take a snapshot. Today everyone own at least one camera. Roberta Smith says that " camera is a way of connecting, participating and collecting fleeting experiences." People do share their pictures on facebook simultaneously after they took them. The media also promote this since many cellphone companies offer internet services to support online photo sharing. Taking pictures become part of everyday life because it is the easiest way to record anything naturally, accurately, and quickly.

In the past, people used the camera obscura to assist in the capturing of images. The device helped the artists see the sophisticated ways that lights are composed naturally. A more realistic view could then be better expressed in their drawings. You can see the picture of ‘Kate Moss’ by Chuck Close, 2003. It’s amazing that camera obscura can capture specific details and show the reflection of the white to the deepest dark in itself. Nowadays since the technology had advanced so much, a camera changed from its first use as an assisting device into a tool to create art itself. And now with the help of internet and social networking it has become a way to communicate. For example, photography which at the beginning used to be like this cool high-class art is now brought down to a very street level which everyone can access. You can see from Instagram, it likes twitter but with photos and the weird thing is that no matter how bad the photo is, they have all these filters and functions to make it seem like it's a very good photo, so like very obvious example of how photography has changed nowadays.

According to the BBC documentary, “The freezing time…this photography not only change the world but also the way people understood the world.” stated in the invention of photography has impacted people experienced. We wonder how camera can capture the world in minutes. It is mysterious because people don’t know how a camera works, so it seemed like magic. To capture view from one’s eyes through see what he has seen from their perspective amazingly. In the past, taking picture like Camera Obscura, Calotype and Daguerreotype took long and difficult processes to develop one picture at that time. Light and shadow also be one of the important factors in photography as it consisted in photography and it’s hard to deal with it anyway to make it perfect. According to page 21 in the chapter 2 (The Search of Truth: Early Photography Realism, and Impressionism.) “Photographic theory can be taught in an hour, the basic technique in a day. But what cannot be taught is the feeling for light…” Nadar, a great portraitist who wrote the above quotes in 1856. Claimed that it can define the feeling and grasp the personality, also not to make the picture banal. Later that we can see George Eastman who changed the way of photography at that time, invented 'Kodak' film role and camera, the revolution of photography. After that it became wild popular because it’s inexpensive camera and easy in utilizing to snapshot of wonderful moments to people who never experienced and never have afforded a painted portrait which need much money and time to produce on picture.

“There are no accidental masterpieces in painting, but there are accidental masterpieces in photography” – Chuck Close said in BBC four photography documentary.
Nowadays, we can also produce democratized digital nostalgia picture like in over the past decade by using just a smart phone like apple iPhone. There are many applications about photography in it. You can easily turn usual picture into various styles just within a second for example, Lomo, Pin-hole, Classic, Sepia, Polaroid and many more filters to select using it. Therefore, the camera gradually became more accidental masterpieces. The result is a fine instant art. Likewise it was discussed in NYtimes link about the way visitors use to capture works of art at Venice Biennale exhibition, people using camera or a cellphone far more than a traditional full-service camera. Since it is much more casual and easy to use. However, traditional camera is may focus more on what they see through the lens more than just only capture it. This is changing the look of photography at the time.
When we talk about photography, we usually compare it to painting that produces a similar result as a picture came out. But photographs are unlike paintings, it is not intended as art, however, it can be elevated to an art often by accident. The medium is generous and extremely democratic.

Besides, I agreed that “It’s the easiest medium in which to be competent, but it’s the hardest medium in which to have personal vision.” this also said by Chuck while discussing about the dilemma and strength of photography.

First of all in my opinion photography can changes emotion we look at something. It can changes the way we see. For example: the pictures that were taken at the same place but at different time are different. The way we look at the photo may not be the same. Photography can shows natural emotions of everything which is all real not created by someone. It can be prove that they are real and natural. Camera creates the new ways of seeing to people in the past. It describes more than paintings. It can create an emotion of people in the picture, or record a whole perspective of a city. Photography can document a period and change the way people think about history in the past.

The invention of Kodak camera changes the camera industry so much. Cameras are being produce so that they are available to everyone, people starts taking photo more and more because it is not difficult anymore to print out the images all they had do to is to take a snapshots and they'll get what they took easily, it's not difficult as in the 19th century where photographer have to use many chemicals to use the camera. Paintings and photography in the result they might look similar but somehow i think that paintings may not illustrate all of the natural emotion of humans but the camera do. The way people walk or their emotion show on their face are kept on the film in a second. George Eastman inventor of Kodak films and camera changes the photography industry a lot. Without him we might not have these cameras that can record memorable moments in our lifetime.

In the early nineteenth century, romanticism illustrated an imagery and fantasy-like portrayal of life. As people evolved and economy grew, the search for truth over took the appeal of romanticism. At a time when countries were being colonized and corruption was taking over, art was starting to depict the truth in reality rather than mask it. This is when photography became the medium for the realist movement.
Like it said in “The Search for Truth”, photography was able to capture the true darkness and violence of war. When before paintings would offer an alternative and more glorified approach to reality. Photography provoked the interest to find “objective truth” (pg 17). With this new form of art, photographers had the power to document life in a matter of seconds. This offered many ways for the artist to decide what to take pictures of and why they were taking them.

What is hard today is trying to reproduce the true art form of what photography holds. Like Chuck Close stated “Photography is the easiest medium in which to be competent, but it is the hardest medium in which to have persional vision”. Similar to any style of art, once an artist creats a new form of expression, it is only to be copied and made an example of from then on. You can see this in the examples of the great photographer Lartigue and his abillity to capture the beauty of people in simple snapshots. He was the first to create “Lartigue snapshot” which shows people jumping in mid air. Being the first of it's kind, it showed a spontaneity in people that was never before captured. However, today the “Lartigue snapshot” can be seen anywhere in high scale advertisements to the novice photograph made from a disposable camera. The expression and art form created by Lartigue has been copied and duplicated so much that the essence of the creativity is no longer a value.

According to Pawika response and her example of the Instagram, I think that is a clear example of how photography can be manipulated time and time again. It also reinforces the statement Close said about photography being the easiest and hardest medium simultaneously. The actual photograph taken with Instagram might be good in the sense that the people in the picture are clear, in focus, all smiling, etc., but the personal vision or true artistic expression is hardly there.

A documentary of “Genius of photography” has let me into a new understanding of photography. Photography is not just taking photos of people or places; it is a form of art. During the time when photography was new and not yet fully developed, photographers and artists have experiment to find new technique of their own. One type of photography that I’ve found very interesting is Daguerre type invented by Louis Daguerre. He has discovered another way other than Henry Fox Talbot’s negative print to make image visible and permanently fixed. Daguerre fixed his image on a mirrored metal plate. Even though, Daguerre type image looks alive and is highly detailed it is a dead end. A reproduction cannot be made. But what Daguerre has succeeded is he has created a unique technique and that he owns it. Chuck Close, a famous artist, have comment about photography that “ It's the easiest medium in which to be confident, but it’s the hardest medium in which to have personal vision… How do you make a photograph that everybody immediately know that this is a work of a particular artist”. It is very difficult and challenging but Chuck Close suggests that if someone has nailed down a technique or vision, we know that they really done something and that for me is worth it.

The NY Times article by Roberta Smith have criticize on the use of photography these days. Cameras nowadays can be purchase by anyone and became an easy tool in capturing image. It became part of our daily life and that changes how we have view arts. We usually view art by looking at it observing every detail by our bear eyes but now; we take photos of an artwork and then look at it later via camera screen or computer screen.

It's hard to imagine our everyday lives without Photography; it has allowed us to view the world in much more precise detail as well as recording every moment we perceive the world. With photography having finally being introduced into our lives, the ability to make records of our lives and everything in it became available to us. There were many prospects to photography and also the potential of what it could do. This, was of course, taken advantage of and turned it into the market of what it is today.

Refering to what Chuck Close had said in the episode "It's the easiest medium in which to be competent, but it’s the hardest medium in which to have personal vision.". This is true when you look at the world today and how easy it is for anyone to able to take a photograph; but it terms of an art form, because of that ability being available to everyone, it had lost it's uniqueness and the only truly remarkable photographs were the ones that could be seen as something special by applying your own way of seeing in the photograph itself.

Roberta Smith's article "When the Camera Takes Over for the Eye". She clearly states how photography is being used more open & casually. Rather than visiting a convention to actually look at the displays, people would take pictures and view them later. This is just an example of how people tend to take thing for granted. And now "the camera is a way of connecting, participating and collecting fleeting experiences.". The way individuals view the world now is not through our own eyes, but through the photographs that each of us take.

Fixing the Shadows tells the story of the inventions of photography and the way it became a vital part of the modern world not only in the documenting way but also change the way people understood their world. It describes the extraordinary achievements of the important photographers such as Jacques-Henri Lartique, the photographer and definitive amateur, Eadweard Muybridges who is famous in Motion studies and Andre Kertesz.
Photography was invented in 1839 the same year that Loius Daguerre and Henry Fox Talbot announce the rival processes, fix the shadows. A blacked out room and a small hole that allows the light comes in then the outside view comes pouring in, all you need is the darkness to see light, pictures are negative and upside down when you see through camera. Loius and Henry were struggling to fix the fleeting shadows by Henry use a piece of paper coated with silver salt to make pictures becomes negative-positive and Loius use a mirror metal plate to produces one-off images, similar with Polaroid. In my opinion, to use the chemicals as a tool to change the way of pictures was amazing and very interesting techniques. In the world of information and images, one of the most far-reaching achievements of the pioneer years, Eadweard Muybridge is famous in Motion Studies. He can make motioned pictures by placed a row of cameras with automatic shutters, which could be triggered in sequence. He did more than freeze the moment but he took a scalpel to time itself.This succeed experiment break down the world that the camera allows human to see faster than their own eyes, Also the person that change the way of photography, George Eastman or Nadar. He invented Kodak film role. He said about the reason of the Kodak name that “'People will remember it because it's unique.” And he was right, after that Kodak film was very popular among Americans because it is easy to use also it is makes photography more available to anyone who wants to try.
Nowadays people have many different techniques to create a photo more beauty and be an art piece itself. Since the technology has been advanced, Internet and photo-decorating programs helped people to make photo more interesting and beautiful such as Photoshop and Photoscape. Also since we have a different kind of camera for example Lomo, LC-A, fisheye, Polaroid and the vintages it made photos more abstract therefore it made people more communicate and having fun together because “taking a photograph means enjoying yourself and capturing an enjoyable moment.” (BBC the genius of photography 44:20)

According to BBC documentary it stated “The freezing time…this photography not only change the world but also the way people understood the world.” which mean that the invention of photography have an impact on people in a past decade inclding their experiences. In the other word it changed "ways of seeing" of the people. It help people to to get the actual view of what they want faster than sketching. The photography help not only the people but also the artists to understand the actual image of what they were going to express in theeir paintings. With photography artists would know more about the reflction of light, shadow of the object in front of their eyes and I think that artist can see how people think and feel about their works by people expression in the photo.
In my point of view I do agreed with Chuck Close that “There are no accidental masterpieces in painting, but there are accidental masterpieces in photography” which for me is true because nowadays we can see the increasing number of masterpieces in photography. With increasing in higher technology and number of camera, now any amateur can take a snapshot with diferent device for instance mobile camera, a traditional full-service camera etc .
Beside these I also agreed with Roberta Smith that "camera is a way of connecting, participating and collecting fleeting experiences." because we can see people sharing their pictures on Facebook or another social network after taking them. Photography then become a part of people life and also one braches of what we called “Art”.

The BBC documentary has shown me that photography is an art form, photographs are stop-actions which capture the essence of a particular moment. Photographs can portray surprisingly perfect images, with a perfect tone, relations of heights and position of things in an incredibly small amount of time. It was an awe to people in the old days.

George Eastman's invention of the Kodak film camera made a revolution. Eastman's brownie camera "made photography available for just about anybody who wants to try it" which created a place for all the amateurs in this photography experience. As Chuck Close has mentioned, "There are no accidental masterpieces in painting, but there are accidental masterpieces in photography" it suggests that anyone can produce a photographical masterpiece and I think that is the wonder of photography.

However, nowadays almost everyone has a hold of more casual mini-cameras or uses cell phones instead of a full-service camera as said in NY Times article by Roberta Smith. The article spoke of how visitors are capturing works of art at Venice Biennale exhibition with the mention casual devices and how they change one's aesthetic perspective. I agree on this as I think the use of mini-cameras and cell phones have been increasing significantly and has affected and perhaps distorted people's ways of seeing as most images are now viewed on screen and not seen and examined in detail with our own eyes.

First, I need to said, I agree with Vaiwit and the statement form BBC documentary “Genius of Photography” that said “The freezing time…this photography not only change the world but also the way people understood the world.”, because the invention of photography and camera really change how people look at the world. It helped people to see how the world really is and help the artists to understand how people or object, which they would like to paint, act or behave. In other word, is to understand their natural behavior and how to express it out in their painting. The example of this can be seen in the BBC documentary itself, such as the picture of the group of ballerina, where there was some natural gesture added to it, in this case you can see one ballerina scratch her back—which is natural gesture. The ideas of painting as one whole world were also change, because then the artists see it as fragment of the world (said by Francoise Heilbrun).

In this documentary also show how people look at photography as a form of art were and how it was change. In the past, there were two types of photography, which were daguerreotype and calotype. Daguerreotype, created by Daguerre, use the mirrored metal plate and some chemical to record the picture; on the other hand, the calotype, by Talbot, use the piece of paper coated with silver salt to record the picture, which result in negative photography. However, it a dead end, because the photo can’t be reproduce. Therefore, people consider it as a form of art because of it uniqueness. However this idea was change when the first camera was made in the name of “Kodac”, because then the photography were available to everyone and then were view as an industrial instead of art. As Chuck Close had said “There are no accidental masterpieces in painting, but there are accidental masterpieces in photography.”, because now there are lot of amateur photographer and they just need only press the button and the can create a masterpieces of art without knowing it, unlike painting, which need lot more skills.

In conclusion, now a day most people don’t really see photography as a form of art anymore, but instead of a form of entertainment and enjoyment, because of it availability and easiness of how to use it. It becomes something that are really casual to people of the modern time (just like it suggest in Roberta Smith’s article). However, there are lot more to photography than we know and there are many question to it just as the documentary has said in it introduction.

Photography is another type of art I had learn it thru “The Genius of Photography” and taking picture in the past wasn’t easy like nowadays. In the past we were using film and more complicated way to developing films and if films were mess up then none of pictures came out.
Another thing I would like to mention was in the past when people took picture by put silver in the dark box and put it in the camera to get ready. The picture turn out so cool, I can see lots of detail and shiny movement when it reflect to light. It seem like photography is not quite popular yet because of painting can show more natural, emotion and less complicated. However, photography seem likes effected everyone in this world for example, engineering need to see a big picture of landscape so they can decided that their should do, artist taking picture to paint or create new kind of art work, even myself taking picture just to keep a wonderful moment. George Eastman had introduced camera to the market world and name the brand Kodak. Later on camera become popular because Kodak sale it inexpensive and easy to used and carry, so people become interesting of taking picture.
In conclusion I just realized that the revolution of camera changing so fast and the next generation would not even know how to take picture with film because we have a high quality digital camera that do everything for us even check the light and automatic manual to make life more easier. Art class in school should promote more about the old fashion way of taking picture and how to used film camera in the right way because the picture from film looks better than digital camera.

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We always heard a question, is photography consider as art? As I watch, The Genius of Photography, this film completely answered this question. Photography had changed the world of art in the past. Be genius in using the medium and know the particular technique that is required. Photographer must be very creative, in order to gather all the details to make a good result. Everyone can know how to take a good picture and arranging the light and shadow, but to be able to express the emotion to the viewer isn’t that easy at all. Before, photographer can prove themselves to be able to do anything, but can it call as an art? Close Chuck said, “It is not easy at all for photographer to make a work that people know that it’s his photo.” And now a day, it is even harder to come out with this complex signature, who ever accomplished this, they can call themselves as artist.

Starting with the Camera Obscura, in Latin camera is “Room” and Obscura is “Dark”. The first camera was started when French and British, fixed their shadow and took a picture in a dark room. The experiment came to be up-side-down; this brought the idea of naturally capturing the picture.

I love the part of Louis Daguerre, who bought the idea of mirror-metal plate, where the photograph came from the mirror by rubbing with cloth and others chemical substances. Although, the picture finally represented in a reverse way as one sees oneself in a mirror, this showed the aesthetic of technique in an ancient time, where I think was the changing point of photography. My favorite part was when the object was standing out of the background. However, the sit-up surface of light reflection and freeze faces are the main drawbacks.

Later on, there were load of developments; photography medium which captures a random point of view, a 24-cameras snapshot movements of horse by Eadweard Muybridge, in 1850 when photography were used as a commercial reason, the beginning of skylight studio etc., In the Skylight studio, the way of people were reacted to the camera was quite interesting. It was like people were controlled by camera until Nadar came. Nadar was a point where people changed the perception of taking a picture to become more natural way, no excitement, nervous feeling on the face that why he became famous. The beauty of faces came from the portrait in Nadar way.

The Different technique of nowadays photography, the ones in an article “When the camera takes over for eye”, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/05/arts/design/at-the-venice-biennale-art-is-a-photo-op.html?_r=1&ref=design, where it demonstrated the actions of photographer who were taking a photo by cellphones or minicameras are more naturally looking than the ones in the past. The photography life gently changed the way it looks, time to time, since the beginning where people blocked the light to now where we use load of effects.

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“Genius of Photography” is about how photography develops through time. Many artist and photographer have nailed down their styles and photograph but what is more interesting is how camera became a wide known product. George Eastman revolutionized camera into a mass production. He produces a role of film and he remarkets an amateur camera called the Kodak. Eastman has created an area of mass production making camera reachable for everyone. “ You press the button, we do the rest” is Eastman’s Kodak company of photography. He makes photography easy for everyone to use with just press the button and you’ll get a wonderful picture taken by yourself. Even though Eastman have not create his own style of photography, he own a vision. “A vision” as Chuck Close have describes “when you make a work of art that everybody immediately know that this is a work of a particular artist”. Eastman deserves an award that he have make camera available to anyone.

Roberta Smith said in her article that photography have changed the way we view art.

Ruth Fremson from NY Times took photos of people taking photos of a work of art. In her images, there were only two people who use a traditional full-service camera. Others either takes photos with digital camera or phone. Sharing photos are even easier. Nowadays photos and image are store electronically meaning no print outs and we usually upload it up sharing it on facebook or twitter. This greatly shows us how photography have changed.

Photography can captured and remember a place, an event, or something with details that one slight look may not be able to give and also, allow people in the future to see what have been done in the past before they were born. Photos can give all emotions to people who look at it, they just don’t describe how the world looks but give what it’s more that word can say. But the thing with photography is that, they just can capture what is in the frame and what the photographers want the photos to look, either eyes, people have brain but they cant capture what they see in there, as time pass people may forget what the picture or the view they see, same as photos. They fade away and people may lose the document of it, burn it, or do something with it, but photography one of the most wonderful human had made. Camera revealed the world into details, also cameras allow the world to speed up things like technology.

People in the past try finding ways to capture photos by using the cameras, they try different materials and finally they have got the right materials (in their time) that can captured photos accurately and fast and also that the photos can be kept. People question everything they want to know and after they question they try to find the answer to those question, that’s why they are able to create and invent stuff.

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By watching this documentary about the history of photography, it has leaded me to a deeper understanding of how photography is a new genius invention to the art world. In fixing the shadows, it demonstrates the birth of cameras and how it operates, “You need darkness to see light”. “How can something that reveals so much, keeps so much to itself”, a quote from the documentary that strikes me. It true that photography is a form of art that reveals a lot of details in the picture, but this revelation can be very mysterious by how the photographer composes the composition in the photo.
However, artists argue that photography is not a form of art and despises it due to the function of the camera of how they are able to capture dept of detail without painting freehand.
In my opinion, I don’t fully agree with other artists that photography is not a form of art since the intention of the photographer is to capture the moment instantly like it had been said, “people knew what the picture is going to look like, and it will took a while to realize that photograph creates surprises as photography doesn’t describe the world as you expected.”

In my view, I do agree with the sentence “The freezing time…this photography not only change the world but also the way people understood the world” from BBC documentary “Genius of Photography”. The invention of camera and photography does really change how people look at the world. “Photography could also serve painters as a shortcut substitute for closely observed preparatory drawings and as a vastly expended repertoire of reliable imagery.”(The Search for Truth: Early Photography, Realism, and Impressionism p.18)

The Invented and developed of camera and photography has been for a long time. From the documentary, Daguerre created Daguerreotype which use the mirrored metal plate coated with a light-sensitive silver solution to record the picture, in different way Talbot use the piece of paper coated with silver salt and named this Calotype which result in negative and mirror photography. After the invention of “Kodac ”,the first camera. People change the idea of the term photography is the form of art as industrial. This is because photo can be reproduces and everyone can do this.

“There are no accidental masterpieces in painting, but there are accidental masterpieces in photography”-Chuck Close said in BBC documentary. As the painting, artist intends to demonstrate all the meaning through the brush stroke by their skill of art not like in photography even amateur photographer can also take picture just only press the button. Also camera can produces mass production-produces masterpieces over and over again.


Ruth Fremsom, the photographer for The New York Times said “Taking pictures of works of art or people looking at works of art. More or less” And obviously “percentage of art-viewing these days is done through the viewfinder of a camera or a cell phone” As it is much easier than using a traditional full service camera. I do agree with Roberta Smith about “The camera is a way of connecting, participating and collecting fleeting experiences.” As you can see now people are sharing their photo on social network and as camera is very convenient to take everywhere. Therefore now people don’t really consider photography as art because it is to easy to take even the amateur photographer can do this.